Airplane Design Manual (Third Edition), 1950, 1950

Document Type: Textbook (Technical).

Purpose: Training and Education.

Authority: Author Expertise.

Scope: Third edition of a textbook written by Frederick K. Teichmann, Professor of Aeronautical Engineering and Chairman of Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics, College of Engineering, New York University.

Changes in Third edition: "Although airplane design has progressed tremendously since this book was first published, the fundamental approach to the problem of airplane design has not changed. However, the possibility of attaining transonic and supersonic speeds with aircraft, a hope seemingly very remote only a few years ago, has introduced additional considerations in designing even the smallest detail."

(from Preface to the First Edition): "This book has been written to fill what appears to the author to be a gap in aeronautical literature, an introduction to the art of airplane design, with the needs of the student, the young engineer, the draftsman and the student working on his own especially in view. While aerodynamics, stress analysis and other aspects of airplane design have been covered many times, experience in dealing with senior aeronautical students has shown that such men experience considerable difficulty in coordinating their knowledge and efforts in approaching the difficult problem of actually beginning the design of a new machine, and carrying on the work systematically. From time to time notes have been prepared for student use and these have gradually evolved into the present work.

In view of the rapid growth and complexity of the subject, it is too much to hope that the entire field has been adequately covered; still teaching experience indicates that such a manual is helpful to instructors and students alike.

It is of course expected that the student shall supplement the present text by investigations of his own, by studying the latest designs at the airport, or from descriptions in the technical press or by study of the numerous research publications published by the Government Printing Office and the great engineering societies, even though an attempt has been made to make each chapter of the book as complete in itself as possible.."

Contents (from the Table of Contents): Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the First Edition I. Procedure in Design - Selecting Type of Airplane - Power Plant - Payload and Crew - Performance Requirements - Step-by-Step Procedure - Specifications for a Design Problem - Nomenclature - References

II. Types of Airplanes - The Biplane - The Sesquiplane - The Multiwing Airplane - The High-Wing Monoplane - The Low-Wing Monoplane - Factors Affecting Choice -Performance -Landing-Gear Retraction -Structure -Special Features - Sample Airplane Data Sheets - Empirical Data - Airplane Data

III. Airfoil Selection - The Airplane in Rectilinear Flight -Horizontal Flight -Gliding Flight -The Dive -The Climb -Range -Other Airfoil Characteristics - Structural Considerations -Recapitulation - Aspect Ratio Corrections - Aerodynamic Section Characteristics - Airfoil Construction -Sweepback for High-Speed Airplanes -Aerodynamic Twist -Laminar-Flow Airfoils -Compressible-Flow Airfoils

IV. Preliminary Weight Estimate - General Procedure - Estimated Weights - Calculated Weights - Actual Weights - Alternate Loads - Estimating the Gross Weight - Estimation of Structural Weight. - Recapitulations - Form for Preliminary Weight Estimate - Variables Affecting Weight Estimation -Wing Weight Estimates -Fuselage Weight Estimates -Control Surface Weight Estimates Landing-Gear Weight Estimates -Power Plant and Power-Plant Nacelle Weight Estimates

V. The Three-View - Steps in Assembling Preliminary Data for Three-View - General Notes forThree-View - Engineering Studies - Final Three-View

VI. The Balance Diagram - General Procedure . - Center of Gravity Location -Practical Solution -Center of Gravity Movement - The Fuselage and Its Contents - The Wing and the Landing Gear - Supplementary Calculations - Ballast - Centers of Gravity of Individual Items

VII. The Cockpit - Suggested Procedure in Design - General Requirements - Windows and Windshields -Characteristics of Glass - Seating - Exits - Parachutes - Controls - Instrument Board

VIII. Instruments and Equipment - Instrument Board -Location -Grouping -Variety of Instruments -Selection of Instruments - Electrical Equipment - Safety Equipment - De-Icing and Anti-Icing

IX. The Passenger Cabin - General Considerations - Comfort Factors - Cabin Dimensions - Passenger Seats - Seating Arrangements -Headroom for Small Airplanes -Headroom for Large Airplanes -Leg Room -Side-by-Side Arrangements -Staggered Arrangements -Back-to-Back Arrangements -Seating Facing Rearward - Vision - Seating Comfort - Seating Accessibility - Center of Gravity Considerations - Windows - Doors and Exits - Sleeping Accommodations - Lighting - Furnishings - Provision for Airsickness - Flooring - Toilets - Refreshments - Baggage Compartment

X. Heating and Ventilating - Physiological and Psychological Considerations - Air Movement for Comfort - Air Requirements - Substratosphere Flight Requirements - Pressure Considerations - Physical Conditions - Air Ducts - Boilers and Radiators - Heat Sources - Pressure Cabin Equipment - Structural Features of Supercharged Cabin - Calculations - Heating Surface

XI. Soundproofing - Measure of Noise - Sources of Noise - Effect of Frequency on Soundproofing - Soundproofing Materials - Application of Materials

XII. The Power Plant - General Considerations - Location - Submerged Engines - Tandem Engines - Number of Engines - Engine Rating - Engine Selection - Engine Nacelles - Fuel Consumption - Engine Mount - Firewall - Cowling - Exhaust Manifolds - Carburetor Scoop Design - Fuel Systems -General -Pumps -Tanks, Vents, etc. -Fuel Gauges -Strainers -Piping and Fittings - Lubricating Systems -Tanks -Oil Piping -Oil Cooling - Determination of Propeller Diameter - New Power Plants -The Pulse Jet -The Ram Jet or Athodyd -The Turbo Jet -The Prop Jet -Jet and Reciprocating Engine Combination -Rockets -Relative Speed Ranges Possible -Propulsive Efficiency of Jet Engines -Fuel Consumptions -Power-Plant Installation

XIII. Design of the Wing - General Considerations - Mean Geometric Chord Wing Planform - Dihedral - Combination Dihedral and Sweepback - Angle of Incidence - Ailerons - Lift-Increase Devices -The Nose Flap - Flutter Prevention. - Structure - Rib Spacing - Rib Lacing

Chapter XIV. The Landing Gear - General Considerations - The Tricycle Gear Wheel and Tire Size - Size of Tail or Nose Wheel - Wheel Position - Tread - Shock Absorbers - Retraction of Landing Gear - Name Designation of Airplane Tires - General Notes for Use of Airplane Tire Data

XV. Tail Surfaces - General Requirements -Airfoil Sections -Flutter Prevention - Horizontal Tail Surfaces - Vertical Tail Surfaces - Trailing-Edge Tabs

XVI. Control Systems - Typical Systems - Pulleys - Cables - Fairleads - Stops - Differential Ailerons - Adjustable Stabilizer - Tab Controls - Flap Controls - Wing Flaps - Tabs - Hinges - Flap- and Tab-Control Loads - Hydraulic Systems - Travel of Controls - Detail Requirements -Controls -Engine Controls . - Electrical Systems

XVII. The Fuselage - Over-all Considerations - Shape of Fuselage - Location of Frames -Frame Spacing - Fuselage Structure -Panel Sizes -Location of Longitudinal Members -Sections of Structural Members -Floor -Baggage Compartments -Access Doors

Chapter XVIII. Preliminary Performance Calculations - Source of Data - Calculations for Horsepower Required - Altitude Corrections - Arbitrary Standard Atmosphere - Parasite Resistance Data - The Engine - Propeller Selection -Horsepower Available - Maximum Speed - Rate of Climb - Absolute and Service Ceilings - Range - Performance Requirements

Chapter XIX. Elementary Longitudinal Stability Calculations - Definitions - Preliminary Calculations for Static Longitudinal Stability - Desired Angle of Trim with Elevator Neutral - Horizontal Tail Surface Setting - Adequacy of Stability - Flight Criteria for Stability and Controls -Longitudinal Stability and Control -Lateral Stability and Control -Directional Stability and Control - Effect of Wing Mass Distribution - Effect of Fuselage Mass Distribution - Effect of Wing Loading - Effect of Wing Incidence - Effect of Wing Sweepback

Chapter XX. Materials of Construction - Application of Available Materials - Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys - Airframe Fabrication Magnesium Alloys - Steel -Stainless Steels in Aircraft -Steel and Steel Alloys in Aircraft

Appendix A. Weight Data B. Miscellaneous Design Data on American Airplanes C. Airplane Data D. Materials Design Data

INDEX